The world is facing a waste crisis of unprecedented scale:

• Municipal solid waste is expected to grow from 2.4 billion tons to 3.8 billion tons by 2050.

• Agricultural waste, including crop residues and animal waste, reaches up to 998 million tonnes annually.

• Industrial activities generate over 7-10 billion tonnes of waste each year.

These staggering figures highlight the urgent need for innovative waste management solutions. Traditional methods of waste disposal, such as landfills, contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation.